茶园土壤酸化国际研究概况和趋势

Overview and trends of international research on soil acidification in tea plantations

  • 摘要: 茶园土壤酸化是国际关注热点, 已成为限制茶产业可持续发展的关键因素。为全面梳理茶园土壤酸化研究的国际发展动态, 把握该领域研究的重心和前沿热点, 本文对Web of Science (WoS)核心合集数据库(2000—2023年)发表的118篇相关文献进行分析。结果表明, 自2018年开始, 国际上关于茶园土壤酸化的研究呈明显增加态势; 我国发文量最多且影响力最大。这些研究主要聚焦于茶园土壤酸化对土壤理化性质、碳氮磷循环、土壤微生物生态系统、茶叶产量与品质的影响, 以及土壤铝毒与茶树耐铝机制、茶园土壤酸化改良等领域, 例如酸化将导致土壤团聚体稳定性被破坏, 缓冲性能降低, 土壤通透性变差, 进而造成土壤持水能力下降, 根系生长受阻, 同时还导致盐基离子大量淋失, 盐基饱和度降低, 土壤养分有效性下降, 加剧了铝的活化与溶出, 并增加茶叶重金属(如Cd、Pb和Cr等)含量。不仅如此, 酸化能够加速土壤碳氮磷的损失, 降低土壤微生物多样性, 抑制某些有益微生物(如假单胞菌和慢生根瘤菌)的生长, 损害微生物活性, 从而影响茶树正常生长发育以及茶叶产量和品质。因此, 不同程度的酸性茶园土壤需通过针对性措施进行防控, 如施用有机肥或生物炭, 有效缓解土壤酸度的同时提升土壤肥力。另外, 铝的生物地球化学循环以及土壤酸化对茶园系统氮磷循环的影响分别为该领域研究焦点和持续性研究热点与前沿话题。本研究有助于全面了解国际茶园土壤酸化研究现状及进展, 为茶园土壤酸化改良及应用提供重要参考。

     

    Abstract: Acidification of tea garden soils has emerged as a global concern, posing a significant challenge to the sustainable development of the tea industry. This study analyzed 118 relevant publications retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) core collection database spanning 2000 to 2023 to comprehensively trace the evolution of research on this topic and grasp its core areas and frontier trends. The results indicated that there has been a notable surge in international research on soil acidification in tea gardens since 2018. China had the highest number of publications and the greatest influence, with all five top global research teams regarding publication output in this field originating from China. Research in this domain primarily focused on the multifaceted impacts of soil acidification on tea garden ecosystems, encompassing alterations in soil physicochemical properties, disruptions to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, modifications to soil microbial ecosystems, and consequences for tea yield and quality. Additionally, studies have focused on soil aluminum toxicity, tea plant aluminum-tolerance mechanisms, and strategies for ameliorating soil acidification in tea gardens. Specifically, soil acidification undermines the stability of soil aggregates, diminishes the buffering capacity, and exacerbates soil compaction, thereby reducing the soil water-holding capacity and hindering root growth. This, in turn, leads to substantial leaching of base cations, decreasing base saturation and nutrient availability, fostering the mobilization and dissolution of aluminum, and increasing the risk of heavy metal (e.g., Cd, Pb, and Cr) accumulation in the tea leaves. Moreover, soil acidification accelerates the loss of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, reduces soil microbial diversity, inhibits the growth of certain beneficial microorganisms (such as Pseudomonas adaceae and Bradyrhizobium), and impairs microbial activity, thereby adversely affecting the normal growth and development of tea plants as well as the yield and quality of tea leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to implement targeted measures to prevent and control soil acidification in tea gardens, depending on the degree of acidity. For example, applying organic fertilizers and biochar can effectively alleviate soil acidity and enhance fertility. Furthermore, the biogeochemical cycle of aluminum serves as a focal point of research in this field, whereas the persistent influence of soil acidification on nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in tea plantation systems remains a heated and cutting-edge topic. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive and insightful overview of the current state of international research on tea garden soil acidification along with its advancements. This study imparts invaluable perspectives tailored for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners alike by meticulously synthesizing pivotal findings and pinpointing emerging trends, thereby catalyzing the formulation of effective soil amelioration strategies and fostering the sustainable growth of the global tea industry.

     

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