Abstract: The greening of agriculture is related to the transformation and upgrading of modern agriculture and is an important issue for high-quality sustainable development. Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt, a typical demonstration zone for agricultural green development in China, as the research object, based on panel data from 2001 to 2021, entropy method, kernel density estimation, Moran index test and geographic detector methods were used successively to evaluate the quality, spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and identify key driving factors of agricultural green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The findings are as follows: (1) The green development of agriculture in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has shown a stable and improving pattern, but the regional gap has increased. (2) The green agricultural development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt presents a positive spatial correlation overall, and a high degree of agglomeration, with local agglomeration modes mainly consisting of H-H, L-H, and L-L clusters. (3) Social, policy and economic factors are the core driving factors for the spatial-temporal differentiation of agricultural green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The contribution levels of the subindexes is in the order of population density, per capita GDP, urbanization level, fiscal support for agriculture policy, and industrialization level, and the interaction of indicators has a stronger impact. In order to promote the development of upstream agricultural green industry according to local conditions, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and other lagging areas with more mountainous and forest land; give full play to the demonstration and leading role of downstream superior provinces in agricultural green development, and strengthen their spatial spillover effect; Make full use of the interaction between policy support and economic incentives to promote the expansion of new quality agricultural productivity in the field of green and sustainable development.