Abstract: Climate change has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, significantly impacting the sustainable production of crops. Analyzing the characteristics of crop yields and farmland greenhouse gas emissions under different planting patterns can provide a theoretical basis for constructing climate-resilient cropping systems for high yield and low carbon emissions in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Field experiments were carried out from 2015 to 2020 at the Xinxiang experimental base of the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Five different planting patterns were set up, namely, single-cropping winter wheat (W), single-cropping summer maize (M), single-cropping summer soybean (S), winter wheat-summer soybean (W-S) and winter wheat-summer maize (W-M). The results show that the annual maize equivalent yield, energy yield, and economic benefits of W-M are significantly higher than those of W, S, M, and W-S. N₂O cumulative emissions and direct greenhouse gas emissions of W-S are significantly lower than those of W-M. Soybean has a higher nitrogen accumulation than maize and wheat, while maize has the highest nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity. In summary, winter wheat-summer maize has the highest crop yield, energy yield, partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and economic benefits, but also the greenhouse gas emissions. Winter wheat-summer maize model is the best planting model in crop production aimed at yield and economic benefits, but the emission reduction technology of this planting model should be further studied to achieve the coordination of high yield and low carbon emissions. The winter wheat-summer soybean model is a relatively environmentally friendly cropping pattern.