全国大豆玉米带状复合种植产量、效益及关键因素研究

  • 摘要: 目前我国大豆严重依赖进口, 产能不足限制了我国大豆产业的发展, 对粮食安全造成严重影响, 提高大豆综合产能, 增强供需自给力势在必行。大豆玉米带状复合种植作为近年来主推技术模式之一, 为扩大大豆种植、提高大豆产量开辟了新的技术途径。本研究基于2024年全国19个省(市、区)大豆玉米带状复合种植1012份有效调研问卷, 系统分析了大豆玉米产量、种植成本及经济效益、土地当量比, 以及种植行比及密度、品种对产量的影响, 结果表明: 1)该模式下全国大豆平均产量为1642 kg hm-2, 玉米平均产量为6916 kg hm-2, 黄淮海总产量最高为9905 kg hm-2, 高于西北13%、西南45%。三大区域的经济效益介于9210-12451CNY hm-2, 黄淮海由于地租高导致投入成本高而经济效益低于西北和西南。2)该模式土地当量比介于1.42-1.70, 全国平均值为1.55, 黄淮海最高为1.62, 西南、西北为1.55-1.56。3)从大豆玉米行比来看, 黄淮海采用6: 4最高, 占总数39%;在行比6: 4下, 大豆种植密度在12.8-15万株hm-2占比最高(40%), 对应的玉米种植密度为4.2-10.5万株hm-2。西北采用4: 4最高, 占总数35%;在行比4: 4下, 大豆种植密度在12.75-15万株hm-2占比最高(48%), 对应的玉米种植密度为3.75-8.25万株hm-2。西南选择3: 2比例最高, 为总数60%;在行比3: 2下, 大豆种植密度在10.5-12.45万株hm-2占比最高(36%), 对应的玉米种植密度为3.75-6.75万株hm-2。4)从品种来看, 黄淮海大豆品种选择最多的为郓豆1号、齐黄34、冀豆12;玉米品种为黄金粮、良玉99、登海605。西北大豆品种选择最多的为东豆339、中黄13、齐黄34, 玉米品种推荐优迪919、先玉1483、登海605。西南大豆品种推荐齐黄34、黔豆12、滇大豆2号, 玉米品种为川单99、先玉1171、成单716。本研究为全国大豆玉米带状复合种植进一步研究及推广提供了良好的研究基础。

     

    Abstract: China's soybean is heavily dependent on imports. The lack of production capacity limits the development of China's soybean industry, which has the adverse effect on national food security. It is imperative to increase the integrated production capacity of soybeans to enhance the self-sufficiency of supply and demand. The strip compound planting of soybeans and corns as one of the main agronomic technologies promoted by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs during recent years, is very important to expand the soybean planting arear and increase soybean yield. This study aims to systematically analysis the yield, economic benefit, land equivalent ratio and the main effect factors including planting row ratios, density, and cultivar of this planting technology based on the national survey questionnaire (1012) at 2024. Results showed that the national average yield of soybean was 1642 kg hm-2 and 6916 kg hm-2 for corn. The Huanghuaihai region had the total yield of soybean and maize with 9905 kg hm-2, which was higher than Northwest and Southwest regions by 13% and 45%, respectively. The average value of national land equivalent ratio was 1.55, ranging from 1.42-1.70. It was highest of 1.62 at Huanghuaihai region and 1.55, 1.56 for Southwest and Northwest, respectively. For the planting row ratios of soybean and corn, it was 6: 4 at Huanghuaihai Region with highest percentage of 39%. Under 6: 4 planting ratio of soybean and corn, soybean planting density was 128-150×103 plants per hectare with the highest percentage (40%) and 42-105×103 plants per hectare for its corresponding corn. In Northwest, it was 4: 4 with the highest percentage of 35%. Under 4: 4 planting ratio of soybean and corn, soybean planting density was 127.5-150×103 plants per hectare with the highest percentage (48%) and 37.5-82.5×103 plants per hectare for its corresponding corn. In Southwest, it was 3: 2 with the highest percentage of 60%. Under 3: 2 planting ratio of soybean and corn, soybean planting density was 105-124.5×103 plants per hectare with the highest percentage (36%) and 37.5-67.5×103 plants per hectare for its corresponding corn. For the cultivars of soybean, Yundou 1 had the highest percentage in Huanghuaihai, followed by Qihuang34 and Jidou 12. Huangjinliang had the highest percentage for corn cultivar in this region, followed by Liangyu99 and Denghai605. Dongdou339 had the highest percentage for soybean cultivar in Northwest, followed by Zhonghuang13 and Qihuang34; Youdi919, Xianyu1483 and Denghai 605 were the first three corn cultivar in Northwest. Qihuang34 had the highest percentage for soybean cultivar in Southwest followed by Qiandou12 and Diandadou12. Chuandan99, Xianyu1171 and Chengdan716 were the first three corn cultivar in Southwest. This study supplies the important information for the further development and technology extension of the strip compound planting of soybeans and corns.

     

/

返回文章
返回