Abstract: To obtain higher agricultural production capacity at a lower ecological cost, the development of modern agriculture with resource conservation, efficient production, and ecological friendliness should become a basic principle and direction to be adhered to in agricultural modernization and development, with green development as the main tone in the new era. Agricultural ecosystems have two major functions: production and ecology. Adhering to ecological priorities and achieving more longterm production benefits while pursuing ecological benefits is an important mean of overcoming bottlenecks in sustainable development. Based on interregional coupling and system optimization of grain production, analyzing ecological pressure transfer and changing trends in regional production and ecological potential are important for agricultural modernization. The development of ecological agriculture and construction of waste-free villages are of great significance for the realization of agricultural modernization and sustainable development.