Abstract: Ecological agriculture is a new subject which is established on the background of the sustainable development in the world as well as in China.Ecological agriculture represents the combination of ecology and economy,its importance is that it points out a new direction for the agricultural modernization in China.As a new type of modern agricultural production,the ecological agriculture is built under the guide of the ecological economy theory.So it should also be developed by the same theory.In order to do so,the following concepts should be set up;the concept of ecological economic system,the concept of ecological economic balance and the concept of ecological economic results.In the same time,the ecological economic essence of agriculture should also be recognized.