Abstract: Agricultural ecosystem is a complicated marl-made ecosystem and the increase of its productivity is the main object of agricultural production．This paper states the connotation，the extension，and the optimization method of agricultural ecosystem productivity in details and puts forward that the use of biology engineering technology，adjustment of framework，amendment of fertilization model，increasing the devotion of organic and inorganic energy can improve the productivity efectively．The important trend of the Chinese agricultural development in future is harmonizing internal relation of system，increasing the sci-tech proportion，striving tO increase the prod uctivity and protecting eco-environment eficiently，and vigorously developing eco-agricuhure．