Abstract: The advances in molecular genetics of abalone are stated. Genetic markers in molecular genetics of abalone include karyotype analysis, allozyme, microsatellite and minisatellite, RAPD, RFLP, MtDNA, ESTs and gene sequence markers. The application of these markers has made a good progress in investigations of genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, genetic structure, species and strain identification in abalone. It will be strengthened in aspect of proteomics, function genomics, genetic linkage maping, quantitative trait loci(QTL) and marker-assisted selection(MAS) in abalone.