Factors needed to be re-considered during in-situ remediation practices of Pb-polluted soils with P

The presence of phosphorus (P) and lead (Pb) in soil can lead to the formation of highly insoluble minerals of Pb₅(PO₄)₃X (where X can be Cl^?, OH^?, F^?, etc.). Hence low-cost phosphate-containing materials utilization was proposed as the best management practice (BMP) for remediation of Pb-polluted soils. Current studies involving in-situ remediation of Pb-polluted soils via phosphorus-compounds are reviewed in this paper. Key factors controlling pyromorphite formation kinetic, solution optimal pH and P/Pb molarity ratio, etc. are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, prospective studies are also discussed with the view to providing further information on remediation practices and their efficiencies in dealing with Pb-polluted soils.